Newsletter: Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Aug 2, 2021 You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Play 51 min playlist_add Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the. It's testament to the incredible ingenuity and complexity of the human mind that all of these different perspectives on the world have been invented. Later things are on the right. And to arrive in a new place where you can't tell a joke and can't express an idea - oh, it's just really painful because you feel like your whole self is hiding inside and no one can see it. And a girl goes in this pile. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its somethi, It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Or feel like you and your spouse sometimes speak different languages? And dead languages never change, and some of us might prefer those. We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through. And this is NPR. And if you teach them that forks go with women, they start to think that forks are more feminine. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important new term. I just don't want to do it. You can also connect directly with our sponsorship representative by emailing [emailprotected]. And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. BORODITSKY: Yeah. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. VEDANTAM: Lera Boroditsky is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. But somehow they've managed, not just by randomly bumping into each other. And, of course, you always have to wonder, well, could it be that speakers of these different languages are actually seeing different kinds of bridges? That's how much cultural heritage is lost. al (Eds. So the way you say hi in Kuuk Thaayorre is to say, which way are you heading? MCWHORTER: Language is a parade, and nobody sits at a parade wishing that everybody would stand still. VEDANTAM: One of the points you make in the book of course is that the evolution of words and their meanings is what gives us this flowering of hundreds or thousands of languages. (SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "PARKS AND RECREATION"). Please note that your continued use of the RadioPublic services following the posting of such changes will be deemed an acceptance of this update. It's part of a general running indication that everything's OK between you and the other person, just like one's expected to smile a little bit in most interactions. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #6: (Speaking foreign language). Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, What Do You Do When Things Go Right? Refusing to Apologize can have Psychological Benefits, by Tyler Okimoto, Michael Wenzel and Kyli Hedrick, European Journal of Social Psychology, 2013. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, by Guy Itzchakov, Harry Reis, and Netta Weinstein, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021. VEDANTAM: My guest today is - well, why don't I let her introduce herself? And we teach them, for example, to say that bridges and apples and all kinds of other things have the same prefix as women. by Harry T. Reis, Annie Regan, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021. You would never know, for example, that - give you an example I've actually been thinking about. Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, by Shannon M. Smith & Harry Reis, Personal Relationships, 2012. But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? When the con was exposed, its victims defended the con artists. Transcript The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer, experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a. feeling or an experience. VEDANTAM: You make the case that concerns over the misuse of language might actually be one of the last places where people can publicly express prejudice and class differences. VEDANTAM: Many of us have dictionaries at home or at work, John. Take the word bridge - if it's feminine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are beautiful and elegant. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? Of course, you also can't experience anything outside of time. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to savor the beauty in nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. Hidden Brain. What we think of today as a word undergoing some odd development or people using some new construction is exactly how Latin turned into French. And it ended up becoming less a direct reflection of hearty laughter than an indication of the kind of almost subconscious laughter that we do in any kind of conversation that's meant as friendly. This week, we launch the first of a two-part mini-series on the scie, If you think about the people in your life, it's likely that they share a lot in common with you. Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Dont Know, by Adam Grant, 2021. He. Put this image on your website to promote the show -, Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through, Report inappropriate content or request to remove this page. Whats going on here? No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how these techniques can be used for both good and evil. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. Hidden Brain explores the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior and questions that lie at the heart of our complex and changing world. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. The size of this effect really quite surprised me because I would have thought at the outset that, you know, artists are these iconoclasts. BORODITSKY: So quite literally, to get past hello, you have to know which way you're heading. Perspectives on the Situation by Harry T. Reis, and John G. Holmes, in The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012. But can you imagine someone without imagining their gender? Imagine you meet somebody, they're 39 and you take their picture. And one day, I was walking along, and I was just staring at the ground. Well never sell your personal information. Parents and peers influence our major life choices. So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. VEDANTAM: How the languages we speak shape the way we think and why the words we use are always in flux. VEDANTAM: One of the ultimate messages I took from your work is that, you know, we can choose to have languages that are alive or languages that are dead. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important, VEDANTAM: There isn't a straightforward translation of this phrase in English. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. According to neuroscientists who study laughter, it turns out that chuckles and giggles often aren't a response to humorthey're a response to people. Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, by Philip Tetlock, Psychology Review, 2002. I'm Shankar Vedantam. And some people would say it's a lot more because it's, you know, irrecoverable and not reduplicated elsewhere. But, you know, John, something gnaws at me every time I hear the word used wrong. BORODITSKY: Actually, one of the first people to notice or suggest that this might be the case was a Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson. And nobody wishes that we hadn't developed our modern languages today from the ancient versions. That is utterly arbitrary that those little slits in American society look elderly, but for various chance reasons, that's what those slits came to mean, so I started wearing flat-fronted pants. Whats going on here? Stay with us. Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. ROB LOWE: (As Chris Traeger) Dr. Harris, you are literally the meanest person I have ever met. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. If you're bilingual or multilingual, you may have noticed that different languages make you stretch in different ways. * Data source: directly measured on Listen Notes. The dictionary says both uses are correct. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. Only a couple hundred languages - or if you want to be conservative about it, a hundred languages - are written in any real way and then there are 6,800 others. And you can even teach people to have a little bit of fun with the artifice. You're not going to do trigonometry. Could this affect the way, you know, sexism, conscious or unconscious, operates in our world? So there are these wonderful studies by Alexander Giora where he asked kids learning Finnish, English and Hebrew as their first languages basically, are you a boy or a girl? You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. And there are all kinds of interesting, useful, eye-opening ideas that exist in all of the world's languages. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a feeling or an experience. I want everybody to have the fun I'm having. BORODITSKY: My family is Jewish, and we left as refugees. So you can't know how the words are going to come out, but you can take good guesses. I saw this bird's-eye view, and I was this little red dot. And if the word bridge is masculine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are strong and long and towering - these kind of more stereotypically masculine words. It's never happened. The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, by Karen Jehn et. VEDANTAM: For more HIDDEN BRAIN, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter. But then you start writing things down and you're in a whole new land because once things are sitting there written on that piece of paper, there's that illusion. And after listening to you, I realize I might have to finally give in. That was somehow a dad's fashion, and that I should start wearing flat-fronted pants. And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to eat. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. That is the most random thing. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). The best Podcast API to search all podcasts and episodes. Languages are not just tools. Women under about 30 in the United States, when they're excited or they're trying to underline a point, putting uh at the end of things. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and how to keep difficult emotions from sabotaging our wellbeing. In English, actually, quite weirdly, we can even say things like, I broke my arm. MCWHORTER: Yeah. It's never going to. BORODITSKY: I spoke really terrible Indonesian at the time, so I was trying to practice. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. (Speaking Japanese). The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. and pick the featured episodes for your show. This week, in the final . VEDANTAM: So all this raises a really interesting question. If you're a monolingual speaker of one of these languages, you're very likely to say that the word chair is masculine because chairs are, in fact, masculine, right? Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? How big are the differences that we're talking about, and how big do you think the implications are for the way we see the world? VEDANTAM: I want to talk in the second half of our conversation about why the meanings of words change, but I want to start by talking about how they change. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. So new words are as likely to evolve as old ones. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #8: (Speaking Italian). Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, by Amy Edmondson, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1999. Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. But it's so hard to feel that partly because our brains are on writing, as I say in the book. You know, I was trying to stay oriented because people were treating me like I was pretty stupid for not being oriented, and that hurt. Maybe they like the same kinds of food, or enjoy the same hobbies. You know, it's Lady Liberty and Lady Justice. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Freely Determined: What the New Psychology of the Self Teaches Us About How to Live, Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, What Makes Lawyers Happy? Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), by Harry T. Reis et. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. Lera, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. Opening scene of Lady Bird Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. You can't smell or taste time. And to our surprise, 78 percent of the time, we could predict the gender of the personification based on the grammatical gender of the noun in the artist's native language. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. Follow on Apple, Google or Spotify. (LAUGHTER) VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. this is hidden brain I'm Shankar Vedantam in the classic TV series Star Trek Mister Spock has a foolproof technique for accurately reading the thoughts and feelings of others the Vulcan mind I am Spock you James our minds are moving closer most most here are kind of hard we have new technology that gives us direct access to the minds of others so Copyright 2023 Steno. I think language can certainly be a contributor into the complex system of our thinking about gender. So for example, English speakers, because they're very likely to say, he did it or someone did it, they are very good at remembering who did it, even if it's an accident. So bilinguals are kind of this in-between case where they can't quite turn off their other languages, but they become more prominent, more salient when you are actually speaking the language or surrounded by the language. But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. VEDANTAM: Our conversation made me wonder about what this means on a larger scale. Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. If you are a podcaster, the best way to manage your podcasts on Listen Notes is by claiming your Listen Notes So - but if I understand correctly, I would be completely at sea if I visited this aboriginal community in Australia because I have often absolutely no idea where I am or where I'm going. MCWHORTER: Those are called contronyms, and literally has become a new contronym. He says there are things we can do to make sure our choices align with our deepest values. And, I mean, really, it sounds exactly like that. There's a way of speaking right. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. So maybe they're saying bridges are beautiful and elegant, not because they're grammatically feminine in the language, but because the bridges they have are, in fact, more beautiful and elegant. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? You know, endings are going to tend to drop off. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace.
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