This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. 1. Dedicated to. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. Those who refused this were sent to prison. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . What were the causes of westward The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . Elizabeth I: a biography. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). Europe. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Died: 24 March 1603. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . VAT reg no 816865400. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. he could also overthrow her. As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. This increased tension between England and Spain. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Henry himself gave people cause . Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Norfolk was killed in 1572. - death of henry II. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. - Leith blockade. LS23 6AD Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. and reversing the religious settlement. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. - navy to firth of Forth. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. The war was going badly for England. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. VAT reg no 816865400. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. Overview of Elizabeth I / They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Company Reg no: 04489574. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her.
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