c. ethnicity. A Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. d. honesty is one trait more strongly associated with working-class than middle-class women. Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. b. c. male as normative. I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. 5 a. 20 c. hostile sexism. c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan b. scapegoat. Follow Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is incorrect? a. Puerto Rico The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. c. racialization. . Perhaps this example will help you see the flexibility of social categorization. c. less communal than traditionally titled women. 1 affective Coping with the Bisaya Accent by Princess Lupian: A Case Study I. communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. Stereotyping and prejudice begin from social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. performance on cognitive tasks than does _____ sexism. Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. c. racializing. Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . When we see members of social groups perform behaviors, we tend to better remember information that confirms our stereotypes than we remember information that disconfirms our stereotypes (Fyock & Stangor, 1994). Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. Belinda is part of a jury that is split evenly between those who feel the defendant is guilty and those who feel the defendant is not guilty. c. Although feminists might find it objectionable, the use of male pronouns to refer to females b. discrimination is unavoidable, but prejudicial attitudes are not. 3 You dislike doing exercise but do it anyway to improve your health. What is this scenario an example of? What does GDP measure, and why is it important? c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. b. handicapism Yzerbyt, V., Schadron, G., Leyens, J., & Rocher, S. (1994). Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. b. As you can see in Table 12.1 Name Confusions, the mistakes were such that the statements that had actually been made by a man were more frequently wrongly attributed to another man in the group than to another woman, and the statements actually made by a woman were more frequently attributed to other women in the group than to a man. b. cultural factors C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. Which statement about Theodor Adorno's research would Adorno most agree with? Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. Automatic category activation and social behaviour: The moderating role of prejudiced beliefs. Our stereotypes and prejudices are learned through many different processes. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. If we believe that women are bad drivers and we see a woman driving poorly, then we tend to remember it, but when we see a woman who drives particularly well, we tend to forget it. Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Course Title THEO 104 - Introduction to Christian Thought. b. physical attractiveness 3 "I did a bad job because I'm inept." Dwayne \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. Eastern European Americans d. Ms. Jane Collins-Sullivan, Currently, about ___ percent of college-educated brides do not take their husband's last name. Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, & Ruderman, 1978) showed their research participants a slide and tape presentation of three male and three female college students who had supposedly participated in a discussion group. This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us. a. the social categorization perspective. diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. d. generalization. And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. What is a characteristic of white privilege? According to this approach, thinking about other people in terms of their social category memberships is a functional way of dealing with the worldthings are complicated, and we reduce complexity by relying on our stereotypes. Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). a. whites Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). 1. the standards and values of dominant groups 2. various groups' power within society 3. the standards and values of subordinate groups 4. social interaction The standards and values of dominant groups, various groups' power within society, and social interaction Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by _______. San Diego, CA: Elsevier. c. poverty Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. Our friends also tend to hold beliefs similar to ours, and we talk about these beliefs when we get together with them (Schaller & Conway, 1999). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. (1974). C. It forms the anterior boundary of the interventricular . In fact, just knowing that stereotype threat exists and may influence performance can help alleviate its negative impact (Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005). (1996). Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). We begin to respond to members of stereotyped categories as if we already knew what they were like. Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. social class, family, football team etc.) Furthermore, aspects of language, such as accent, play a crucial role in the . Ambivalent sexism refers to the combination of: c. scapegoating 29. - Q/A (Question and Answer) Darren Farr Test Answer Answer: it occurs without conscious awareness Recource Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Unlock this answer Join StudyHippo to unlock Related questions a. white men and women a. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 522. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup 2 He made a dispositional attribution. a. c. women with disabilities a. unfriendly Specifically, he found that although lines C and D (which are actually the same length) were perceived as equal in length when the lines were not categorized, line C was perceived as being significantly longer than line D in the condition in which the lines were categorized. doi: 10.1111/j.17519004.2010.00306.x. This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism? Tajfel, H. (1970). A researcher examines the differences in assimilation rates of new immigrants in the United States vs. Europe. b. Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on ______. \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 Music videos often emphasize women's sexuality rather than their musical talent. In R. V. Kail (Ed. a. disablement b. diminutive suffixes for female terms. Along with crystallized intelligence (Gc), domain-specific knowledge (Gkn) is an important ability within the nomological net of acquired knowledge. Generics are statements such as "tigers are striped", "a duck lays eggs", "the dodo is extinct", and "ticks carry Lyme disease". a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. C. purposeful d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? b. Similarly, when stereotypes are activated, children with low socioeconomic status perform more poorly in math than do those with high socioeconomic status, and psychology students perform more poorly than do natural science students (Brown, Croizet, Bohner, Fournet, & Payne, 2003). b. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. And stereotypes become difficult to change because they are so important to usthey become an integral and important part of our everyday lives in our culture. D. slow. There is a correlation between how group members perceive the stereotypes of their own groups and how people from other groups perceive those same stereotypes (Judd & Park, 1993; Swim, 1994). d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. d. racialization. d. Native Americans. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? The participants were shown the list of all the statements that had been made, along with the pictures of each of the discussion group members, and were asked to indicate who had made each of the statements. Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. Stereotype threat and the intellectual performance of African Americans. On the way home, Reggie and his other teammates blame the loss solely on the player who missed the last minute shot. This difference is an example of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 275287. a. unmarried women. a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and c. Brown v. Board of Education 1 You are a lousy cook but you keep trying different recipes. B. On the other hand, we sometimes categorize others not because it seems to provide more information about them but because we may not have the time (or the motivation) to do anything more thorough. "Gwendolyn Brooks is an outstanding poetess." Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? Guimond, S. (2000). c. the social categorization perspective. This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements? a. genocide. 18. d. 50. Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility. b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. c. Japanese Americans I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships. If men think that women are all alike, then they may also think that they all have the same characteristicstheyre all emotional and weak. And women may have similarly simplified beliefs about men (theyre insensitive, unwilling to commit, etc.). Because they are so highly cognitively accessible, and because they seem so right, our stereotypes easily influence our judgments of and responses to those we have categorized. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. This problem has been solved! Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. Experiencing prejudice can lead one to demonstrate behaviors that reinforce a stereotype. d. the cultural inferiority of blacks, In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings? In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. That is, they argued that the negative impact of race on standardized tests may be caused, at least in part, by the performance situation itself. $23,550 provided by operating activities, c.$15,550 provided by operating activities, d. $42,400 provided by operating activities, e.$20,850 provided by operating activities. a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the You can see that an interaction that began at individual level, as two individuals conversing, has now turned to the group level, in which John has begun to consider himself as a man, and Sarah has begun to consider herself as a woman. 1 point? The figure shows links between the social category of college professors and its stereotypes as a type of neural network or schema. 1 We attribute most of what people do to the influence of situations. Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." Because men are more likely to be leaders than are women, they may well be, on average, more dominant; and because women are more likely to take care of children, they may, on average, act in a more nurturing way than do men. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. Polarized appraisals of out-group members. 3 behavioral which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. Pages 30. c. 74; 42 which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. abilities d. all of the above. Stereotyping others is simply unfair. Chapter 2: Social Learning and Social Cognition, Chapter 5: Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, Chapter 11: Working Groups: Performance and Decision Making, Chapter 12: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination, Chapter 13: Competition and Cooperation in Our Social Worlds, Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students, Next: 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. c. There is no such thing as racial microaggressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 778793. a. a. often misunderstand what was really an innocent comment. The preinduction physical examination given by the U.S. Army involves the following seven activities: These activities can be performed in any order, with two exceptions: Medical history must be taken first, and Exit medical evaluation is last. c. laws limiting the rights of blacks in South Africa under apartheid IV. a. prejudice. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency? The Integrity survey includes statements . Social categorization influences our perceptions of groupsfor instance, the perception of outgroup homogeneity. c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. Furthermore, one half of the participants were told that when the presentation was over, they would be asked to remember which person had made which suggestion, whereas the other half of the participants were told merely to observe the interaction without attending to anything in particular. Assimilation is when b. backlash effect Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ________. C) The more complex the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. the majority of the confederates gave a wrong answer (for instance line 2 when the correct answer was line 3) . He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. Jane Collins, a woman married to Mark Sullivan, wants her potential employer to view her as correct? White women women. c. 35 a. show less gender bias In some cases, we categorize because doing so provides us with information about the characteristics of people who belong to certain social groups (Lee, Jussim, & McCauley, 1995). females as caregivers and males as workers." a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. x+31=2(x32)6x. men earned the money, while ___ percent expressed this view in 2002. a. c. Asian Americans For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). b. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. d. by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities. attitude best reflects: ______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts. III. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. a. imply women are weak. b. require welfare recipients to work. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. Which of the following forms of prejudice was not portrayed in the above scenario? Which of the following statements is true? He has shared this information with his ability stereotyping? c. Hispanics The effects of stereotype threat and double-minority status on the test performance of Latino women. c. animal and food terms to refer to females. See Page 1. (Eds.). c. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders c. economic factors Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 4855. c. Many Japanese immigrants went on to become activists in the desegregation movement. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. Stereotypes are the beliefs associated with social categories. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? (2005). And we behave toward women in ways that makes it more difficult for them to lead. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. c. modern sexism and hostile sexism. Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. As of August 2011, the interest rate earned on oneyear U.S. Treasury bills was 0.11%0.11 \%0.11%. c. serve to maintain the power imbalance between women and men. c. overrepresentation of female characters with both family and paid work responsibilities As a result of successive potato famines that produced widespread starvation, 1.5 million people migrated to the United States from ______ in the nineteenth century and settled mostly in ______ areas. (1992). d. institutional racism. a. multiculturalism. The point at which variable costs equal fixed costs. Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. (1984). Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? 1.) a. Mrs. Jane Sullivan Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. B. Healthy-minded individuals can be coerced into demonstrating unlikely behaviors. Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. b. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their "The typical job applicant worries about his chances of getting the job." c. Africans. Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? b. prejudice a. The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes (Ed.). c. teachers and fathers were a frequent source of discouraging remarks about girls' academic Most people do not want to admiteither to themselves or to othersthat they hold stereotypes or that they are prejudiced toward some social groups. Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. d. modern sexism. Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. b. male generic language. Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and womens impression management dilemma. The game is very close. Gender stereotyping research that focused on the ethnicity of the target found that: d. projecting. d. benevolent sexism, Both hostile and benevolent sexism: b. Germany; urban Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? B. practicing discrimination But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. a. racialization. d. ethnicity. d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers.
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