Serbians and Bosnians not so such. But even they will know the literary norm of their own language which will ease up the communication. Thank you very much for this. Now onto the discussion. Ukrainians and Belarusians understand each other's languages with no problem. From his own words it is possible to conclude that mutual inteligibility between czech and slovak is very high, and Ive heard from young czechs that they still can understand slovak with no effort. But thats politics for you. However, the Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect in northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria and the Maleevo-Pirin dialect in eastern Macedonia and western Bulgaria are transitional between Bulgarian and Macedonian. wovel a shifts to o not shits hahhaha sorry. Its predecessor stage is known in Western academia as Ruthenian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from what is referred to in modern linguistics as Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries). Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation. In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. It is time to stop believing to the politically motivated propaganda about our languages and start telling the truth. In this case, too, however, while mutual intelligibility between speakers of the distant remnant languages may be greatly constrained, it is likely not at the zero level of completely unrelated languages. Therefore I would go with 25%. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. During the last 20 years, Ukraine has tried to make the language norm as far from Russian as possible for nationalistic reasons. Much like Nordic languages. Id like to know about written mutual intelligibility, because, about spoken mutual intelligibility, there are people from portugal that cannot understand brazilians and vice-versa, though they speak the same language. I have friends from Bulgaria and I can tell you that they have problems by understanding some things. It is no surprise that Ukrainian (and to a smaller extent) Belarusian have tons of Polish words, and are therefore more lexically similar to Polish than to Russian. Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. The biggest Slavic language by far is Russian, which has 154 million native speakers and over 258 million speakers in total. Swarte will be awarded a PhD by the University of Groningen on 3 March. That being said, the line between a language and a dialect is often blurred. You must namely take into consideration that the mutual understanding depends on many things if you are LISTENING or READING, WHAT are people talking about, HOW FAST they are speaking, and even WHO is speaking. Polish ~ Kashubian . Very interesting. Kajkavian has 82% intelligibility of Chakavian. The translation is not very problematic. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. 4. I have also friends from Central Macedonia (Prilep, Bitola) and I can tell how different they speak from the Skopjian dialect. In the 1500s, Kajkavian began to be developed in a standard literary form. The only (still rather minor) problem that I had with this text was the part Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija (Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria), because I could not understand Nared s osnovnata. Yiddish speakers usually have an easier time understanding German than vice versa, largely because Yiddish has added words from other languages, including Hebrew and Slavic languages, which makes it more difficult for German speakers to understand. And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. Most Macedonians already are able to speak Serbo-Croatian well. Crazy! Polish, Ukrainian and even Serbo-Croatian dialects are less so, especially in the light of their geographical spread . This implies that some of the high intelligibility between Slovak and Polish may be due to bilingual learning on the part of Slovaks. They are native Kajkavian speakers and this is another proof that Kajkavian is actually Slovenian. The standard view among linguists seems to be that Lach is a part of Czech. Some Russians and Bulgarians say they understand almost nothing of the other language. Finally, understanding mutual intelligibility gives you helpful insight into the history of a language. BULGARIAN (transferred to the Latin script): algarskijat ezik e indoevropejski ezik ot grupata na junoslavjanskite ezici. French has 89% lexical similarity with Italian, 80% similarity with Sardinian (spoken on the Italian island of Sardinia), 78% similarity with Romansh (spoken in parts of Switzerland) and 75% similarity with Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish. If you know Polish, you're likely to understand a little Russian, Ukrainian and other Slavic languages, but this doesn't mean that the languages are mutually intelligible. Grammar is almost identical. Polish is not intelligible with Kashubian, a language related to Polish spoken in the north of Poland. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. In essence, such kinds of bilingualism also improve understanding of other, unrelated Slavic languages, since two Slavic languages fill in the comprehension gaps. Asymmetric intelligibility refers to two languages that are considered partially mutually intelligible, but where one group of speakers has more difficulty understanding the other language than the other way around. Reading a Bulgarian text is not like reading an ordinary book in Czech, it would cost my brain much more kilojoules (but maybe mainly due to the monotonous Cyrilic script), but it is possible. FluentU brings a language to life with real-world videos. That is ~90% our language. It is true that Czech is more urban and less folk and many Slovaks study in Czech republic. Not true about Czech / Slovak inteligibility. In Ukrainian, one might say "I am waiting for you" ; however, there is no need for a conjunction in . When Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongols in the 13th century, the formerly united states became split, and what were once very closely-related dialects began to . Bulgarian lexics does not seem to be familiar to Macedonians, what shows that Macedonian has been for too much time separated from the contact with Bulgarian which made Bulgarian unknown for Macedonian ear. Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. NATO EU. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ive yet to see a speaker of BCS that recognizes the obvious: these three languages are just the same. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. Kajkavian is a dialect of Slovenian language. About Slovak being two different unintelligible languages I highly doubt so. I do hope that you understand the point. Regarding Polish and Russian there are many words with opposite meaning. Or they will say, Well, that is about 70% our language. If it is a dialect, they will say, That is really still our language. Slow, deliberate speech is not typical. I think it was mostly due to a learning few high frequency Polish words that are difficult for a Russian native speaker to understand. Reactions: So far there have been few reactions to the paper. We speak them too. If youve studied one language, you may very well understand some of anotheror have a much easier time learning it. Usually, they can even write their theses in Slovak. As a native of Ni, I can say that the Serbo-CroatianMacedonian figures might be roughly on-point. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. That is a particularly ugly version of nationalism brewing in your vicinity. The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages 1. BULGARIAN: Balgarskijat ezik e naj-rannijat pismeno dokumentiran slavjanski ezik. Serbian is a macrolanguage made up to two languages: Shtokavian Serbian and Torlak or Gorlak Serbian. Linguistic distance is the name for the concept of calculating a measurement for how different languages are from one another. Much of the claimed intelligibility between Czech and Slovak was simply bilingual learning. most speakers of one language find it relatively easy to achieve some degree of understanding in the related language(s). Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. The old Dniestrian/Galician speech is largely confined to rural areas. For instance, akavian Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. If you're a foreign student, studying russian, it's unlikely you'd be able to understand Ukrainian at all. Regular speech is generally quite fast. Contents1 Can Slovenians understand Croatian?2 What languages are mutually intelligible with Croatian?3 What is the closest language to Slovenian?4 Which two . However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM. More? the use of the accusative is nearly identical in Ni Torlak and Kumanovo Macedonian (cannot say the same for standard Macedonian as it has no accusative to begin with) and is, in general, more of an oblique case than anything else In fact, I would probably have a hard time to understand a Czech speaking with such an intonation. About Boyko/Hutsul dialects which according to you are more understandable to Russian person than Ukrainian language I will disagree with you. A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. Intelligibility in the Slavic languages of the Balkans is much exaggerated. Ja u da radim is more common to Serbian speakers but ja u raditi is officially more correct. Its often said that Czechs and Poles can understand each other, but this is not so. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. I have no problems understanding the Torlakian dialect. It is also said that West Slovak (Bratislava) cannot understand East Slovak, so Slovak may actually two different languages, but this is controversial. Croatian (Stokavski): 98% akavian is full of romanisms, kajkavian of germanisms and tokavian of turkish and other orientalisms. Istorieskoto mu razvitie se charakterizira s etiri glavni perioda. A western Slovak can even understand most of Ruthenians hen they are speaking. Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. On the other side, i.e. Much of my vocabulary simply isnt present in their lects, even when I try and align myself to speak more in line with the norm. I met Croats from Zagreb and they speak Slovenian perfectly. It is best seen as a Ukrainian dialect spoken in Russia specifically, it is markedly similar to the Poltavian dialect of Ukrainian spoken in Poltava in Central Ukraine. I think the OP exagerated a bit. slavic mutual newspaper The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. There are new scientific figures for Czech-Slovak, Czech-Serbo-Croatian and Czech-Bulgarian. Ive not read em myself. 12 Dec 2016 #221. As a native Russian speaker, I noticed that my understanding of Polish went from 20% to 70% in a matter of hours when watching a film in Polish with subtitles. Around 80% comprehension, it gets hard to talk about complex or technical things. Yet, it is closer to Russian that standard Ukrainian. Bulgarian and Russian are close because the Ottoman rulers of Bulgaria would not allow printing in Bulgaria. Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. OMG! CZECH: Bulharsk jazyk je indoevropsk jazyk ze skupiny jihoslovanskch jazyk. Was he educated? Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. I've ne. If you think this website is valuable to you, please consider a contribution to support the continuation of the site. His level of understanding might be 90%, or 82%, 85%. This is heartening, although Kajkavian as an existing spoken lect also needs to be recognized as a living language instead of a dialect of Croatian, whatever that word means. Other then that difference is in grammar and accent. German is partially mutually intelligible with Yiddish and Dutch. You are a smart guy. Congratulations on a brilliant article! Vitebsk State University. I can only speak from my personal experience (business trips to Czech Republic - Ostrava, Praha, Mlad Boleslav, Mikulov ). Due to no prior exposure to Russian, I could not understand that language, other than a few words and expressions here and there. The unintelligibility is only due to the manner of speaking and not because of lexical and/or grammatical differences. For example, the spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by the Czech-Slovak group with both Ukrainian and Sorbian (but not with Polish). There is an old Kajkavian-Chakavian dialect continuum of which little remains, although some of the old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects are still spoken (Jembrigh 2014). Intelligibility between Balachka and Ukrainian is not known. What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? If I tell them few sentences (phrases) in Boyko dialect, then Russians wont be able to understand at all. Polish and Russian while Slavic sounding to my ear and is maybe 5%-15% intelligible . If the Torlaks can understand those languages it is because they have been hearing them! You would be amazed at how good peoples estimates of this sort of thing are though. Serbs/Croats used to live in the south Poland and they moved south to the current location. General Musharraf says that Sheikh, who orchestrated the abduction, was recruited by MI6 while he was studying at the London School of Economics and sent to the Balkans to take part in jihad operations there. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! Kashubian itself is a macrolanguage made up of two different languages, South Kashubian and North Kashubian, as the two have difficult intelligibility. Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. However, you do say later in the text that Bulharsk jazyk je plurocentrick jazyk m nkolik kninch norem. 70%? The Russian language doesn't have a sound for " ." Ukrainian is a mostly phonetic language. And the same problem emerges in other situations. Another similar example would be varieties of Arabic, which additionally share a single prestige variety in Modern Standard Arabic. One more thing is that Serbian has, for example, two versions of the future case, with da (that) and verb in some person form, 1st in this case: ja u da radim (I will work) and ja u raditi where raditi (to work) is an infinitive. It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. And o shifts to u. Spoken Slovenian is a surprise too its phonology has a significant German influence. For the south slavic speakers, it is a commonism, almost a joke, for a Serb and a Croat to argue---in a mutually intelligible language---that . Czechs hardly ever study at Slovak universities. Basically, you only hear a series of consonants with hardly recognizable vowels. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. Jen. Lesser Polish, which can be heard in the south and southeast. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. As an example, in the case of a linear dialect continuum that shades gradually between varieties, where speakers near the center can understand the varieties at both ends with relative ease, but speakers at one end have difficulty understanding the speakers at the other end, the entire chain is often considered a single language. Russians, they usually need some adaptation time (and of course they need to be willing to try -- which is not always the case, since many Russians are monolingual and . At least not in general if so, it might depend on the school. Understanding the connection between mutually intelligible languages, can make it easier to learn an additional language. Generally, when foreigners say speakers of a certain language speak too fast, speakers of that language can hear that fast speech just fine. With this, off I go to sleep. Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written It is commonly believed that all Slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close These figures were tallied up for each pair of languages to be tabulated and were then all averaged together. Some Poles say they find Silesian harder to understand than Belorussian or Slovak, which implies intelligibility of 20-25%. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. Im Czech . How come you have not done a post about 9/11 before Robert? In Linguistics, this MI stuff is noncontroversial. The base of Molise Croatian was Shtokavian with an Ikavian accent and a heavy Chakavian base similar to what is now spoken as Southern Kajkavian Ikavian on the islands of Croatia. Score: 4.1/5 (74 votes) . There are numerous intelligibility tests out there that work very well, or you can just ask native speakers to give you a %, and most of the honest ones will tell you; in fact, they will often differentiate between oh that is our language, they speak the same language as us, for dialects and then no, that is not our language, that is different, and they do not speak our language for separate languages. While Norway was under Danish rule, the Bokml written standard of Norwegian developed from Dano-Norwegian, a koin language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union. On the other hand, it can be difficult for Russians to understand Ukrainian (though it is easy for them to learn it). But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. I can easily translate the first two sentences: Bulgarian is the oldest documented Slavic language. Portuguese also has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. LIFESTYLE Languages. The differences to me are like New England English versus English in the deep South versus Australian. There are distinct regional variations of Arabic. Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. #5. However, a Croatian linguist has helped me write part of the Croatian section, and he felt that at least that part of the paper was accurate. Mutual intelligibilityrefers to whether speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language. Macedonian I can understand better, and Im going to say that my comprehension of it used to lie somewhere between 90 and 95%, and Im going to cite 98% for my present knowledge theres a lot of technical vocabulary that takes a while to grasp, and a few words that I cant make sense of no matter how hard I try, but most of the differences are more marginal than between standard Serbian and Macedonian: The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. Balgarskijat ezik e pluricentrien ezik ima njakolko kniovni normi. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. However, Bulgarians claim to be able to understand Serbo-Croatian better than the other way around. For instance, West Palesian is a transitional Belarussian dialect to Ukrainian. A Slovak from Bratislava can and does understand eastern Slovak dialects, he might have to tune his ear a bit, but I know because Ive talked to many members of my family about this and other Slovaks and they all say it sounds really stupid and a few words are different but they definantly understand. I think (as a native Serbian speaker from south eastern Belgrade) the main difference between Serbian and Macedonian is that Macedonian doesnt have cases and have definite articles as well. If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. Hag_Boulder 9 mo. Macedonian side, the situation is more complicated (i will explain later). In other respects I am happy to say I manage to keep my identity clear of any overt nationalist definitions In writing, German is also somewhat mutually intelligible with Dutch. Actually the way it is spoken sometimes sounds more like Slovak to me than Czech or polish does, however past really basic speech it is pretty hard to understand. However, in recent years, there has also been quite a bit of bilingual learning. While not usually considered mutually intelligible, theres also enough similarity between French and Italian that speakers of Portuguese may understand both of these languages. Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. Is Ukrainian more like . General. Cheers brothers and sisters! If you speak Russian, it will be easier for you to understand other Slavic languages, which include Ukrainian, Belorussian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Slovene. This understanding can be in spoken or written communication. Perhaps you would care to explain why the FBI has NOT charged Osama Bin Ladin with 9/11 but with the African Embassy bombings. Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. Also after studying Ethnologue for a very long time, I noticed that they tended to use 90% as a cutoff for language versus dialect most but not all of the time. Torlak Serbian is spoken in the south and southwest of Serbia and is transitional to Macedonian. Its historical development consists of four main periods. But then it is difficult. Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. Slovenian: 20% Some comments on Ukrainian: These are 33 brand new symbols that you'd have . The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. (I will come to Bulgarian too). This gives rise to claims of Macedonians being able to understand Serbo-Croatian very well, however, much of this may be due to bilingual learning. You really need to go look at the new version of the paper. Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. 1. It has also been described as a transitional dialect between Polish and Slovak. Required fields are marked *. Recently a Croatian linguist forwarded a proposal to formally recognize Chakavian as a separate language, but the famous Croatian Slavicist Radoslav Katii argued with him about this and rejected the proposal on political, not linguistic grounds. Also how much of Rusyn do Russians understand on a % basis? Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you Femke Swarte studied the mutual intelligibility of twenty Germanic language combinations. Ni Torlak has six vowels the standard /a e i o u/ and a reduced schwa // thats found where a strong yer once used to be, as in dog and sadness (this vowel has merged with /a/ in Serbian, but the two yers were kept as separate reflexes /e o/ (merging with those full vowels) in Macedonian) with phonemic and morpho-lexical stress that has plenty of grammatically conditioned shifts. Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. How this is measured varies, but mutual intelligibility and vocabulary overlap, and often play a role in these calculations. Kajkavian is probably closer to Slovenian than it is to Chakavian. We found that Czech and Slovak have by far the highest level of mutual intelligibility, followed by Croatian and Slovene. "The Linguistic Innovation Emerging From Rohingya Refugees." No idea, but if they are fairly intelligent as she sounds like she is, you might be shocked at how she might be able to rattle off some estimated figures like that. Same question, how much Chakavian can your average Shtokavian speaker understand in percentage? He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. Eastern Slovak has 82% intelligibility of Rusyn and 72% of Ukrainian. Serbo-Croatian and Russian have 10-15% intelligibility, if that, yet written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. So here you have a case, when I could not understand everything, but I could grasp the meaning (at least). I admit that my prehistoric learning of Russian (1985-1990) made it easier for me to guess the meaning of words izpolzovana a saestvuvat (which have the same meaning in Russian), but I think that I could guess it even from the context. For majority of the Shtokavian speakers thats just another language: different grammar, vocabulary, pronunciations, even sounds (Kai has at least 9 vowels while Shto Croatian only 5 for example). Bulgarian has 80% intelligibility of Macedonian, 41% of Russian, and 5% of Polish and Czech. Many Poles insist that Silesian is a Polish dialect, but this is based more on politics than reality. What is the most mutually intelligible Slavic language? Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. Serbo-Croatian intelligibility of Slovenian is 25-30%. Even the basic words are almost the same. I can understand quite a bit of basic polish when it is spoken on the street, but their pronunciation is so weird its hard to notice sometimes. 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. The more German the Silesian dialect is, the harder it is for Poles to understand. This is a Chakavian-Slovenian transitional lect that is hard to categorize, but it is usually considered to be a Slovenian dialect. Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. Here are the estimates about inteligebility with other Slavic languages from a person thats fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian: One way to look at Macedonian is that it is a Serbo-Croatian-Bulgarian transitional lect. An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two languages are not very closely related.
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